The Issue of Blood Diamonds free essay sample

Thomas Mr. Butler amp; Ms. Flath 4A English I, 4B World Geography 6 February 2013 The Issue of Blood Diamonds What is the cause of major rebellions, riots, and coups in Africa? The blood diamond trade is one of the strongest illegal trades in Africa, which has been fueling conflict for approximately three decades. The primary purpose of blood diamond trading contributes to funding armed conflicts for guerrilla and militant forces. The diamonds are illegally mined in a conflict zone, which is then used by guerrilla forces to fight and rebel against government forces, the effect of which can be seen throughout most conflict-ridden nations of Africa. These precious stones saw a major use during the post-Cold War era, which funded for many conflicts in Africa. The blood diamond trade is the perfect example of natural resources in Africa being used for corrupt actions, trades, and conflict that must be prevented to save lives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Issue of Blood Diamonds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page International attention must be sought and more jurisdictions should be taken into action. The issue of blood diamonds must be taken seriously before more innocent blood is shed and lives are lost, as in the past. Many countries that are notoriously affected with the issue of the blood diamond trade are Sierra Leone, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly known as Zaire), Zimbabwe, the Republic of Congo, and Cote d’Ivoire (Armstrong). In the early 1980’s, the early forms of the blood diamond trade began to surface in these nations. However major campaigns of the blood diamond trade began in the 1990’s, especially after the end of the Cold War era (Armstrong). Mining conditions were poor as workers earned around seven cents a day, but they were willing to work through these horrible conditions as they hoped for a better life by mining for blood diamonds, which would be a quick way to prosper and help their family (Armstrong). One excellent example of blood diamonds contributing towards a civil conflict can be seen in the nation of Liberia during the Liberian Civil War between 1983-2003 (Doyle). The UN and global community accused the Liberian president Charles G. Taylor of supporting, training, and distributing weapons to insurgents of Sierra Leone in exchange for diamonds (Brown). Liberia was also accused of supplying blood diamonds to al-Qaeda, as this was the root cause of the bombing of U. S. embassies in 1998. The U. N. retaliated by applying sanctions during 2001. This act prevented Liberia from trading conflict diamonds with Sierra Leone as it caused turmoil (Brown). After the conflicts in Liberia, the nation is now a member of the Kimberley Certification Process as it has constructed a legitimate mining industry to ensure a clean diamond trade (Global Policy Forum) A second example of blood diamonds contributing towards conflict can be seen in the nation of Cote d’Ivoire (Reuters). A civil conflict in Cote d’Ivoire overthrew the central government of the country by a coup, causing a major civil war in the country (Reuters). It was soon discovered that blood diamonds were the root cause of the coup and the civil war in Cote d’Ivoire because the nation became a major blood diamond exporter and trading center along with Liberia (Brown). The U. N. retaliated to the conflict by ordering sanctions on all diamond mining and trading in the nation of Cote d’Ivoire to prevent further blood diamond trading and civil war. Sanctions on Cote d’Ivoire was lifted at the end of 2003 as the Kimberley Certification Process came into affect in Cote d’Ivoire. The nation of Sierra Leone was known to be the most notorious for the blood diamond trade (Brown). The issue of blood diamonds was discovered in Sierra Leone in 1991. Conflict began in 1991, when Revolutionary United Forces (R. U. F. ) crossed over from the Liberia-Sierra Leone border and attacked towns and villages in northern and eastern Sierra Leone (Hirsch, Questia). A year later in 1992, the same rebel force attacked and seized the diamond capital of Sierra Leone, the city of Kono (Brown). The N. P. R. F (National Provisioning Ruling Forces) attempted to restore law and order and stabilize the conflict-ridden area of Sierra Leone. This resulted in a major war against R. U. F and N. P. R. F belligerents (Brown). The N. P. R. F launched Operation Genesis to drive out the R. U. F. rebels. The operation carried out by the N. P. R. F to drive out the R. U. F rebels would prove to be a failure (Brown). The rebels decided to strike again during the Sierra Leonean election of 1996. R. U. F. rebels intimated voters by threatening to amputate civilians hands and legs in order to gain control of the diamond mines for illegal trades through politics (Global Post). Despite these brutal actions, the R. U. F was invited to partake in elections and, in doing so, they eventually became a political party through a forced peace agreement (Global Post). In July 1999, violence increased in Sierra Leone due to increased blood diamond trade. Sierra Leone was forced to sign a peace treaty with R. U. F. ebels by bringing them into the Sierra Leonean government and assigning many cabinet positions to them (Brown). Not wanting to rebuild the nation of Sierra Leone, the R. U. F. took advantage of the peace treaty by regaining control of diamond mines in the Kono district and the Tongo Field. Due to the actions of the R. U. F. , many innocent lives were killed, as no international intervention was presen t during this time (Brown). In 2001, exactly ten years after the civil war in Sierra Leone began, the United Nations decided to intervene in Sierra Leone. The sanctions enforced by the U. N. erent effective at all, making many nations to assume that the United Nations was lenient about this issue. Not until a year later in 2002 did the U. N. properly intervene in Sierra Leone by sending a 17,000 peacekeeping force into the conflict-torn nation to properly supervise the disarmament and the abdication of power by the R. U. F. The war in Sierra Leone would gain majority of international attention when Unasmil forces under the U. N. were denied access to investigate the R. U. F. held diamond mines, in the Tongo field and Kono district. The war ended in March 2003 while several R. U. F. members were held for many civil atrocities and war crimes (Brown). This incident would be the third time that the U. N. turned a blind eye on an issue that resulted in a serious matter. In addition, the U. N. also overlooked the genocides that occurred in Rwanda and Sudan, which began through minor conflicts. Due to the international communitys late response and the issue of blood diamonds in Sierra Leone, the U. N. has to ensure that Sierra Leone can govern itself without foreign assistance in the long run. The blood diamond trade in the nation Sierra Leone had a negative impact on Sierra Leone’s economy, politics, trade, and business. The U. N. gave little heed to what was happening in the nation, thus causing the blood diamond trade and the actions of the R. U. F. to weaken the nation of Sierra Leone. Blood diamonds in the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly known as Zaire) have contributed greatly to its civil wars since the early 1980s (Blank). In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the effect of the illegal trade can be seen in the eastern portion of the nation, as the eastern D. R. C. , is the area that was heavily affected by civil warfare and diamonds. Various atrocities ranging from the violation of human rights to civil wars can be seen through the effects seen today in the D. R. C. (Blank). In the year 2000, the U. S. Campaign for the Elimination of Conflict Diamonds banned the trade of blood diamonds in the D. R. C. and also put in place the Clean Diamonds Trade Act of 2003. This act would prevent any future trade of conflict diamonds through the Kimberly Process Certification System (Blank). In the Republic of Congo and Zimbabwe, the blood diamond trade had come to an end through the Kimberly Process Certification System. This certification system made sure that a nation is not involved in the blood diamond trade (BBC News Africa). The system also makes sure that diamond mines are eligible for domestic and international trade through enforced laws and records. However, minor issues still existed in the diamond mining industry of these two nations. In the Republic of Congo, the Kimberly Certification Process expelled the nation, as many diamond mines had no official diamond industry. The Republic of Congo was expelled as it exported and sold large quantities of diamonds, which was not recorded accurately (BBC News Business). The Kimberly Certification Process accused the Republic of Congo for falsifying the certificates of origin, for exported diamonds. In Zimbabwe, the Marange Diamond Mine was notorious for blood diamond trading and diamond smuggling. However, the World Diamond Council monitored Zimbabwes diamond trade, especially from the Marange Diamond Mine (BBC News Africa). The Kimberly Certification Process issued that Zimbabwe can trade diamonds in the global market in 2010, after international reports and observations declared the mine, conflict free (BBC News Africa). Over the past two decades, several nations have been trying to prevent the blood diamond trade. The United States and Canada, especially, were the two nations that have been working hard in stopping the notorious trade. The United States issued Executive Order 13194, which agreed with U. N. sanctions on the importation and exportation of diamonds from Sierra Leone (U. S. Department of State). On April 25, 2003, President George W. Bush issued the Clean Diamond Act of 2003 (U. S. Department of State). This act banned rough diamond importation from Liberia, as it had been recognized by the United Nations for acting as a supplier of conflict diamonds in Sierra Leone (U. S. Department of State). In the year 2000, the nation of South Africa issued the Kimberly Certification Process on diamond trading. Canada was a strong supporter of this act and has passed laws of its own to prevent the sale and trade of conflict diamonds (Stop Blood Diamonds). Canada passed the Export and Import of Rough Diamonds Act during 2002. This act in Canada supervises the purpose the mined diamonds will be used for, whether foreign or domestic (Stop Blood Diamonds). The Export and Import of Rough Diamonds Act has issued identification numbers and certificates for business and jobs involved in the diamond business, to prevent the sale of conflict diamonds. The Kimberly Certification Process was launched to expose the use of diamonds in civil conflict and to prevent the illegal trade (Kimberley Certification Process, Encyclopedia Britannica). The certification process began as a simple method to find the link on how natural resources, such as diamonds, were related to conflict (Kimberley Certification Process, Encyclopedia Britannica). Since international pressure was mounting in many major diamond-producing nations, a conference in South Africa was established to discuss the prevention of blood diamonds (Global Witness). This meeting started a three-year negotiating conference, which would eventually establish the Kimberley Certification Process (The Official Website of South Africa). The United Nations General Assembly would eventually pass the Kimberley Certification Process to ensure that clean diamond trading is enforced. This act was put in place so that it could also monitor the occurrences of nations contributing to the blood diamond trade (Global Witness). How can the issue of blood diamonds be resolved? Nations such as the United States, Canada, and South Africa have passed clean diamond trading acts to prevent the illegal trades of blood diamonds (Hirsch, Questia). The nation of South Africa passed the Kimberly Certification Process in order to ensure clean diamond trading and business practices in many African nations, including those with conflict-ridden nations such as Sierra Leone, the D. R. C. , Zimbabwe, and Liberia (Worldpress). The United Nations must act now to prevent future conflicts that are related to blood diamonds. In Liberia, the U. N. ordered sanctions on the nation, but they had little effect as blood diamonds found its way into Sierra Leone. The peacekeeping force sent by the U. N. was not able to enforce the newly passed sanctions due to the issue of blood diamonds and its spread to from Liberia to Sierra Leone. This action by the U. N. would be disastrous as many nations accused the organization for â€Å"sympathizing† the nation of Liberia (Worldpress). In Sierra Leone, the U. N. took the issue of blood diamonds lightheartedly, which resulted in as the slaughtering and killing due to the R. U. F. rebels’ surge for political power in the nation. The U. N. sent a peacekeeping force of around 7,000, but it was too late. The late response of the U. N. resulted in the weakening of Sierra Leone due to the R. U. F. rebels’ warfare and the genocide of people during the Sierra Leonean elections of 1996 (Worldpress). Conflicts due to blood diamonds have also weakened the economy of Sierra Leone as well according to statistics and data by BBC. The issue of blood diamonds must be taken into serious consideration before more innocent blood is shed and lives are lost. The global community must come up with more jurisdictions, laws, and rules in order to prevent blood diamond trading in order to enforce clean diamond trading. Works Cited Blank, Laura. Conflict Diamonds and the Congo. n. d. 2 February 2013 lt;http://www. worldvision. org/content. nsf/about/congogt;. This article discusses about the effects of blood diamonds in the Congo during and after its civil conflict. The source describes about how the Congo is recovering from its recent blood diamond conflicts and how it is recovering. The source is reliable as the author has expertise in this subject by being a firsthand witness of blood diamonds and its effects in the Congo. Brown, Pervenia P. Blood Diamonds. 13 December 2005. 2 February 2012 lt;http://www. worldpress. org/Africa/2193. cfmgt;. This website by worldpress. org talks about the history of civil conflict due to blood diamonds in the nation of Sierra Leone. This source ranges from the early causes of the conflict, development of the conflict, and the aftermath of the conflict. The website is reliable as it is an accurate news web source of current events around the world. English Online. Blood Diamonds. February 2013 lt;http://www. english-online. at/current_affairs/blood-diamonds/african-diamond-conflict. htmgt;. English Online discusses about the effects of blood diamonds on conflict-ridden nations such as Sierra Leone, Liberia, The Ivory Coast, The Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, and many other nations. This source talks about the effects of the blood diamonds on people in nations notorious for the blood diamond trade. Hirsch, John L. Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2001. This book talks about the blood diamond trade and its affects on politics in the nation of Sierra Leone. It also talks about the R. U. F. rebels and their rise to power by seizing diamond mines in order to sell mined diamonds for guerrilla warfare and political conflict. Loucoumane Couliably, Joe Bavier. Ivory Coast Wants Blood Diamond Ban Lifted. 3 June 2012. 8 Febrary 2013 lt;http://www. reuters. com/article/2012/06/03/us-un-ivorycoast-diamonds-idUSBRE85209O20120603gt;. This source discusses about the Kimberley Process and its affect on the nation of Cote dIvoire. Over the years, the blood diamond trade has been notorious in this nation causing political urmoil and genocide in Cote dIvoire. The website has elaborated about how the diamond trade was halted by the U. N. and how the Kimberley Process came into effect in Cote dIvoire. Key points discusses the aftermath of the blood diamond trade in Cote dIvoire and the sanctions that have been put into effect for certain violations pertaining to blood diamonds. Melik, James. Diamonds: Does the Kimberley Process work? 28 June 2010. 7 Febru ary 2013 lt;http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/10307046gt;. This article by James Melik of BBC discusses about the rules and regulations of the Kimberley Process. He also discusses the effect of the Kimberley Process and how it has greatly accomplished the task of preventing diamonds being used in civil conflict —. Canadian Policy and Laws. 8 February 2013. 8 February 2013 lt;http://www. state. gov/e/eb/tfs/tfc/diamonds/index. htmgt;. This source discusses about Canadas rules, policies, regulations, and thoughts on the blood diamond trade. This source gives a brief overview of how Canada has made sure that its trade involving diamonds is clean through a certification and registration process, the Kimberley Certification Process. —. Conflict Diamonds. N/A. 8 February 2013 lt;http://www. state. gov/e/eb/tfs/tfc/diamonds/index. htmgt;. This source discusses about the United States policy and regulations on the blood diamond trade. The website discusses about the recent U. S. actions taken to ensure the clean trade of diamonds. —. Diamonds in Conflict. 2005. 8 February 2013 lt;http://www. globalpolicy. org/the-dark-side-of-natural-resources-st/diamonds-in-conflict. htmlgt;. This source presented by Global Policy discusses the relation of natural resources, such as diamonds, between conflict, war, and tension in Africa. It also gives a brief history of the conflicts related due to blood diamonds during the post-Cold War era. —. Kimberley Process: Zimbabwe Diamond Exports Approved. 2 November 2011. 8 February 2013 lt;http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-africa-15554609gt;. This source by BBC talks about the approval of Zimbabwe in the diamond market through the Kimberley Certification Process. The webpage talks about the history of blood diamonds in the nation of Zimbabwe and the aftermath of its conflicts. —. Kimberley Process. N. D. 3 February 2013 lt;http://www. britannica. om/EBchecked/topic/1002313/Kimberley-Processgt;. This source by Encyclopedia Brittanica discusses a brief summary of the Kimberley Process. The source exaplains how the trade of blood diamonds has decreased after the enforcement of the Kimbereley Certification Process. —. South Africas Role in the Kimberley Process (Import and Export of Rough Diamonds). 13 February 2004. 8 February 2013 lt;http://www. dfa. go v. za/foreign/Multilateral/profiles/kimberly. htmgt;. This website discusses about South Africa writing and constituting the Kimberley Process to enforce clean diamond trading. This source discusses about the countries that have enforced the certification process and how the blood diamond trade has decreased because of this process. —. The Kimberley Process. N/A. 8 February 2013 lt;http://www. globalwitness. org/campaigns/conflict/conflict-diamonds/kimberley-processgt;. This source by globalwitness. org discusses a brief history of the Kimberley Certification Process. The source discusses about the nations who have enforced it and it also discusses about the regulations of blood diamonds enforced by many nations against the blood diamond trade Walt, Vivienne. Diamonds Arent Forever. 7 December 2006. 1 February 2013 lt;http://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/12/11/8395442/index. htmgt;. This source discusses about the aftermath of the conflict-ridden nations due to blood diamonds. The author, Vivienne Walt, talks about how the nations ridden with blood diamond conflict will recover in the future and the fate of their economies. * 2 Sources (The Kimberley Process: Encyclopedia Britannica amp; Sierra Leone’s and the Struggle for Democracy) are from the Encyclopedia Britannica and Questia Databases.

Fingerprint Biometrics essays

Fingerprint Biometrics essays For access control, biometrics is seen by many as an attractive alternative to the old password-based system. Using a password is insecure, as they can easily be forgotten or stolen. They have nothing to do with identity. Biometrics, on the other hand, uses the physical or behavioral uniqueness of an individual for identification and can therefore not be stolen. There are many forms of biometric system available - each using a different characteristic of the individual for recognition. These characteristics would include retina scanning, face geometry or even voice prints. This essay will explore the use of fingerprints as a biometric security measure. Fingerprints are the most widely used biometric (biometrics.co.za/tech_Economist.htm). They have the advantage of being cheaper and simpler than most other biometrics. Modern fingerprint readers are very small and its also simple to implement since a fingerprint-reader can sit on a mouse or keyboard, or simply connect like one. A fingerprint is made up of ridges that take the shape of loops, arches, and whorls. Instead of scanning each ridge, fingerprint-based biometrics look for minutiae (small lines on the surface of the skin). An algorithm extracts minutiae points from an image and then creates a template. Fingerprints are also extremely reliable in the sense that each individual has a unique print. Probability theory suggests that the chance of two fingers having exactly the same arrangement is more than a billion to one. (www.mckinnonsc.vic.edu.au/la/it/ipmnotes/biometrics/biobasics.htm) There are 2 basic types of fingerprint scanning: silicon and optical, but there is a third emerging technology worth mentioning. Ultra-Scan has developed a way of using ultrasound to detect the ridges and furrows on the finger. Chile is using this technology in its healthcare system to identify patients. (mckinnonsc.vic.edu.au/la/it/ipmnotes/biometrics/biobasics.htm...

Biological Oxygen Transport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biological Oxygen Transport - Essay Example The term biological oxygen transport refers to the incorporation of oxygen from the environment into the cell. It covers all the processes right from breathing to the respiration. Such transport process encompasses different levels of organization from organism to the level of sub cellular organelles. The transport of oxygen in various biological systems majorly depends upon the process of diffusion and convection. Generally there are two biological systems: plant and animals. Plants do not have any specialized organ for the transport of oxygen. Roots stem and leaves are major sites involved in uptake and release of oxygen. Oxygen is absorbed for respiration and is released into the atmosphere as a result of photosynthesis. Leaves being exposed to air are the major sites of oxygen uptake. Air mixed oxygen enters the empty spaces in the leaves through the openings called stomata. The entry of oxygen to the intracellular air spaces is followed by the process of rapid diffusion. The interior of the cells have less oxygen concentration as compare to the exterior. So, following the principle of diffusion, oxygen moves from the higher exterior concentration to the lower concentration inside the cell. This transport is accomplished by passing through various cellular-barriers such as cell wall and cell membrane. Oxygen being non polar easily diffuses through these barriers. Oxygen can also be transported through the stem and the roots. The cork of roots and stem contain openings called lenticels, for the transport of oxygen into and out of the plant body. Moreover plants with soft green stems bear stomata for the transport of oxygen. As far as the transport of oxygen within the plants is concerned, experiments have shown that the plant contains non –tortuous gas filled channels between the stem and the root. Apart from the lenticels; the oxygen requirement

Criminal justice computer crime and patriot act Coursework

Criminal justice computer crime and patriot act - Coursework Example How has technology advanced these "crimes"? An evaluation on cybercrime legislation embraced by the different states of the United States of America is an informative exercise for various reasons. The states, which constitute the United States of America, have assumed fundamental cybercrime legislation that is completely different and unique to each State. There is a countless deal of disparity both in the coverage and in terms of methodology in the cybercrime legislation embraced by the different states. The cybercrime laws of states are seldomly modeled after federal registrations and as such, they contain very great variations (Schmalleger, 2012). This variation is the product of several reasons. One factor is the relative promptness with which cybercrime has risen as an individual problem. Cybercrime is a new phenomenon, and states, expectedly, differ extensively in the swiftness with which they address the kinds of behavior that can be classified as "cybercrime.† In additi on, the vague characteristic in the term of "cybercrime" are challenged by what appear to be completely new varieties of criminal action. This in turn needs the implementation of different substantive criminal legislation (Siegel, 2008). Other States are faced with "old wine in new bottles," For instance, the use of the Internet technology to enable the directive of long existing offenses such as fraud. This vagueness can produce misperception and delay among state legislators. Further, the complexity of the issue at hand, in that most of the criminal activity encountered in the real world unlike the types of illegitimate actions that transpire in cyberspace can be quite difficult and therefore present untrustworthy among lawmakers at both the state and federal level (Schmalleger, 2012). While one can validate the loopholes that presently exist in state cybercrime legislation, this situation should not continue particularly in a nation that takes pride in its technological progressi on. Breaches in the law, particularly in the law related to cybercrimes-benefits individuals who are involved in socially intolerable behavior at the expense of innocent people. Though it is an intolerable state of affairs, the effects of this failure to legislate can be predominantly be egregious in dealing with the cyber crime in the world in which persons can be ill-treated by people whom they have not met (Schmalleger, 2012). One feature of the cyber world is the ability to guard themselves from the frequently imaginative plunders of online criminals. Eventually, the implementation of applicable cybercrime legislation is a step taken towards identifying that cybercrimes characterize a different phenomenon in unlawful action such as the globalization of the conduct of criminals. In addition, the globalization of criminal conduct is a phenomenon, which all jurisdictions - national as well as sub-national - must combine to combat in order to handle the delicate issue of cyber crime . 2. Is it true that the only way to secure freedom is to curtail it during times of national crisis, such as free speech, right to privacy, etc? Why or why not? In America, freedom of speech is a cherished fundamental right. It is protected by the fourth amendment in the U.S constitution. However, in some cases this right can be withheld. This case include Incitement to crime, fighting words that might in themselves cause the hearer to breach peace since they are seen as a threat to the individual security and can easily cause violence (Jacques & Wright, 2010). The right to free speech faces the strongest challenges during times of crisis. In

Strategic Diagnosis Project of the General Electric Company Research Paper

Strategic Diagnosis Project of the General Electric Company - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that GE aviation caters to commercial as well as military aircraft producers. Their exemplary research and development enables them to manufacture specialized engines for marine applications. GE aviation has a well established research set up, the research work carried out at GE’s research labs are the main reason for their latest and successful aircraft engine designs. GE aviation also provides services like engine exchange, on board service for aircrafts and technology up gradation. The engine exchange service of GE provides innovative solution for delivering the overhaul needs. In this service programme GE replaces the old engines of the aircraft with an overhauled engine. This service helps commercial and military aircraft operators in acquiring a fully functioning engine while their engine is removed for maintenance purpose. This paper makes a conclusion that the On wing support service of GE provides value added repair facility for customers at anyplace and at any time. This helps the aircraft operators to lower their operational cost and maximize their profit. GE aviation also offers various upgraded technologies for the aircraft running in old engines. This service provides the aircraft operators a cost effective way of upgrading their engines without incurring the cost of new engine. These up gradation are provided in customized packages to address each client requirement specifically.

Development of Chinese Market Economy

Development of Chinese Market Economy With the development of Chinese market economy and increasingly important role of the marketing process, multinationals have launched a large-scale action, the Chinese market has become the centre of global strategy of transnational corporations. Nowadays, multinational corporations have become the main opponent of domestic enterprises, competing with domestic companies, meanwhile they are also faced with the local heated competition. The German Deputy Consul General stationed in Shanghai, Dr. Peter Kreutzberger had made a questionnaire survey on all German companies in China, drawing one of the conclusions is: most German companies in China experienced more intense competition in China than in Germany, and the Chinese market competes more intensely than the European market. Unilever Chairman Mr. Le Mengneng also said: Competition in China, people who from around the world, you need to release that local competition face has become more and more powerful. Competitive pressures will n ot decrease, and not scare us, but life will not be easy certainly. In China, such a pattern of competition, International brands are capturing territory. China has registered more than 160 million trademarks, and more than 20% are foreign brands. These foreign brands are changing patterns of competition to adjust competitive strategy in China(Ping Chenzhu,2005). Aggressing expansive trend of transnational corporations, however, why in general multinational companies seems to be more competitive than local companies? Where is their competitive advantages? With regard to multinational companies, their competitive advantages may come from technology, capital, talent, channels, management, marketing, or the one aspect of brand, or few aspect. But what are multinational companies depending on success in China? In short, it is brand, they have a strong brand competitiveness. Brand is power, and brand marketing strategies for multinationals to help them achieving the success of expansion. In the 21st century, the global brand has entered the era of international competition. Supposing enterprises want to gain advantages in the competition, it must attach importance to brand marketing. Brand as an important means to carry out marketing activities, making their products uniqueness in the competition, moreover, in the course of business, this way is useful to long-term profitability and maintain its position in the market. Especially in the fierce competition, an era of homogeneous goods, brand has increasingly become the most powerful weapon for competition (Dou Guangli,2004). Furthermore, the cultural taste of brand image and level decided by brand awareness, reflecting the pursuit of company and spiritual insight, becoming the key to winning. So far, many Chinese enterprises have not established the correct concept of brand awareness, and the branding of export products and brand value are low, resulting in poor product sales. Chinese companies should be based on their own conditions and characteristics, improving the sense of brand competition, implementing brand marketing strategy. If it can turn Made in China into Chinese brand, it will occupy larger international market, receiving good results. LOreal Group, for example, analysis of the brand marketing status of transnational corporations in China, including multinational brand marketing bring advantages to the Chinese market. Whats more, establishment of brand for brand marketing strategy and importance on promotion. By means of having successful experiences of others to go by transnational corporations and comprehensive analysis, combining with the contemporary brand management theory, posing Chinese companies how to enhance brand marketing and development of new trends in the future. Proposed Research Methods In the study method, this article uses a comparative analysis method and empirical research method, through the exploration of relevant theoretical research, exploring relevant theory about the development of multinational corporations brand marketing; and combine with the brand marketing status of Chinese corporations and strength level. In the perspective, revealed that the measure of brand marketing of development of Chinese company and future trends. Bibliography Alexander,B. (1992). How Brand Image Drives Brand Equity. Journal of Advertising Research,PP.32. Keller,K.L.(1993).Conceptualizing, Measuring, Managing Customer Based Brand Equity ,Vol.57, (1). Gui Zhuchun.(2005).Promote brand image,pp.7. Wei Fanguo.(2005).Chinese company Face transnational mergence,pp.8. Ping Chenzhu.(2005).Brand management. China development. Dou Guangli.(2004).Brand competitiveness. University of Chinese people. Philip,K.(1997).Marketing management. University of Chinese people.

Do Gender Influence the way people view optical illusions? :: essays research papers

Problem: Does gender influence how people view optical illusions? Background: The brain takes cues from images received from the eyes to help it interpret what is being seen. Usually this is important for things like depth perception, but occasionally it leads us astray. The cues make us think we see something that isn't true, or isn't even there. Light waves enter your eye and then enter photoreceptive cells on your retina. The image that forms on your retina is flat, but you see a world of shape, color, depth, and motion. Retinal images are flat representations on a curved surface. Most of the time, we perceive an accurate world of depth, surfaces and objects. Retinal images are open to more than one interpretation. For all retinal images, there are a large variety of possible three-dimensional structures that can be seen. We usually see the correct image, but sometimes a mistake is made. This is when an illusion occurs. The fact that we can see the correct three-dimensional information from a visually ambiguous (open to more than one interpretation) two-dimensional image means that some very powerful restraints must be put on our interpretations of two-dimensional images. These restraints must also account for many illusions. Illusions are a tool for revealing restraints that mediate vision and perception. In some cases, illusions take place because the restraints for interpreting an image are ambiguous. Your visual system can interpret the image in more than one way. Even though the image on your retina remains constant, you don’t see an odd mixture of the two images. Normally, this does not happen because your visual system has developed many different ways to resolve ambiguity. Visual perception is essentially an ambiguity-solving process. This process is called "inverse optics." The visual system is also highly adaptive. It should be understood that both evolution and learning contribute to visual capabilities. Scientists have experimented with these rules to produce illusions

Bug Inc Paper

Intellectual Property properly safeguards those who apply for patent registration. It is especially important in the industrial field, such as that where BUG Inc operates, because it protects the research and development investments of the company. There are many legal protections that BUG Inc can apply for to accomplish this. The protections on Intellectual Property can fall under the ambit of Copyright, Trademark and Patents. Trademark is a very visible and wide issue because of the fact that it is seen in everyday things.Given the globalization of the world economy, it is now currently the most violated aspect of Intellectual Property Law at present. Under this legal protection, the owner of the trademark has a right to prevent any person from committing trademark infringement or any act that is not in good faith with regard to the use of the company logo. Trademark covers a very wide scope since it can be used for nearly any creation or icon that is protected by the trademark lic ense. It covers all signs and insignias that are directly connected to or related to the company that registered the trademark.As such, any company or firm cannot use such trademark without prior consent of the company which owns the trademark. In relation to the logo of BUG Inc, the corporation may file for trademark protection. Under this legal protection, the owner of the trademark has a right to prevent any person from committing trademark infringement or any act that is not in good faith with regard to the use of the company logo. Another legal protection that Bug Inc can apply for is a patent which is designed to protect the electronic recording devices that the company makes. The first subject matter to be discussed is that of Patent.There are basically three (3) types of patents that an individual can apply for. The first type is called the Utility Patent. This type of patent is given to any person who is able to invent or discover any novel and useful process, machine, and manufactured article or matter composition. It also includes any new and useful improvement of such. The second type of patent is the design patent. This patent is given to anyone who is able to create an original and novel ornamental design for any manufactured article. The third type of patent is the plant patent, which is given to anyone who invents or discovers any distinct new variety of plant.In this case, as long as the invention involves a new inventive step that has an industrial application it may be registered and issued a patent that gives the owner the exclusive right to utilize the object. 2. ) Given the facts of the case, it must be stated that there is a clear conflict under international laws in case Steve is found guilty. Under the principle of international laws, the imposition of criminal charges is not territorial except if such is a crime against humanity or has been recognized by international tribunals as among the list of crimes that are crimes regardless of location.For the case at hand, if Canada or Steve’s mother country does not recognize his act as a crime the United States will have a hard time prosecuting and charging him because he is of a different citizenship. The civil liabilities involved in industrial or corporate espionage depend on the laws of the particular state. One law, however, that is applicable in all states would be the civil liability that is derived from the United States Constitution.It has been recognized by a number of Supreme Court decisions that the right to privacy can be invoked by a corporation to a certain extent. This means that the act of Steve in transmitting the communications between the officers and employees is a violation of this right and he is thus civilly liable for damages. Steve may also be found in violation of the pertinent copyright and patent laws depending on the content of the information sent. If the correspondence contained sensitive insider information with regard to any in vention, then Steve would be in violation of the patent law.If on the other hand, there was no sensitive information, the act of hacking into the computer system is also an act that is criminally punishable. In addition to the criminal liability, there is a corresponding civil liability for damages as well. WIRETAP can only be held liable if it is sufficiently shown that it had a hand in the actions of Steve; a corporation having a juridical personality distinct from that of its employees, it can be held liable along with Steve if it is shown that it was involved in the aforementioned acts.

Hard Times is a novel written by Charles dickens Essay

Hard Times is a novel written by Charles dickens at the time of the industrial revolution. It is set in the nineteenth century in England. It is Dickens’ harsh and satirical attack on the industrial and educational systems of his time. Dickens believed in good fellowship and community values, which he felt were being destroyed by this new system based purely on ‘fact’.  In the novel Dickens uses satire, humour, irony and symbolism to convey is vision and show the world what he thinks it should be like.  This novel, set in a place called Coketown, England, is showing how English people live in a very harsh place. The characters in the novel include both good and bad people. Throughout this novel Dickens attacks the industrial and educational systems using satire and humour. He uses such techniques to poke fun out of them. He also uses irony, such as in the name Stephen Blackpool who at the end of the novel dies in a black pool. Dickens uses satire to describe things, for example: ‘red brick buildings, or at least they would have been if it weren’t for the grime.’ Dickens also used characters and their names as a way of attacking the educational and industrial systems. Thomas Gradgrind is a leading businessman in the town of Coketown. He is a good example of how things are run and done in Coketown, all based on facts. He says ‘ now what I want are facts,’ and facts are what Mr. Gradgrind use as a way of destroying other people in the novel such as young Tom, Louisa and Bitzer. Louisa Gradgrind, Thomas Gradgrind’s daughter is a prime example of how the educational system is a complete failure. At the start of the novel she is caught looking at the circus, which shows how she wanted to experience more than ‘the philosophy of facts’ that her father exposed her to. She is seeking love in her life later in the novel as she makes two pleas for help to Stephen Blackpool and to James Harthouse. She gets married to a fellow businessman of her fathers, Mr Bounderby. She doesn’t marry him out of love but for the sake of her brother Tom Gradgrind. Tom Gradgrind is the son of Thomas Gradgrind. Tom is dependent on his sister Louisa a lot as he needs help to fuel his gambling habits. Throughout his life the educational system along with his father dehumanises him. Near the end of the novel the bank is robbed and Louisa fears that Tom had robbed it. She knew he was in debt and believed he did it as he worked there for Mr Bounderby.  Bitzer is a model pupil of this so-called educational system. The system is so dehumanising that he thinks and acts more like a robot than a human. He has no imagination at all and as he gets older he gets more and more selfish. He has no sensitivity and no communal concern for others. He is the complete opposite of Sissy Jupe. Mr James Harthouse is the sneaky seducing snake of the novel, who came to Coketown looking for a part in Gradgrind’s political party. He has an immediate interest in Louisa and uses Tom’s weakness in money to get to her. His name Harthouse is satirical, as he is a heart stealer. He takes advantage of young vulnerable women such as Louisa. Louisa makes the mistake of falling for Harthouse and when she realises what she had done came to her father and collapsed at his feet. This collapse symbolises the collapse of the educational system and shows its failure right in front of MR Gradgrind. Mr Bounderby represents the industrial system in the novel. Throughout the novel he reminds people about his rags to riches story, about how he started out as a ‘nobody’ on the slums of Coketown, to reach his present social and economic status.  Stephen Blackpool, who is the victim of the industrial system, works in the factories of Coketown. He is unhappily married and in love with another woman, called Rachel. His wife represents all the pain and suffering in his life and Rachel represents all the happiness in his life. He falls down a mineshaft or a ‘black pool’ at the end of the novel. He is pulled out alive but then soon dies. His name is ironic, Blackpool, as he dies down a blackpool. Sissy Jupe is the good person in the novel. She cannot be beaten by the system. She had imagination, which only the circus folk else in the novel had. She is the heroine of the novel as she saves Louisa from James Harthouse and Louisa’s young sister from her father and his educational system by educating her. MR Gradgrind at the start of the novel adopted her, as her father, who was in the circus, ran away and left her. Sissy symbolises imagination and humanity. She is the hope for the future. Dickens uses satire and humour in this novel very well. His attack on the educational and industrial system of his day was very good. Our world today is much different than his. There are still people today who would fit the personality of such people like the characters in the novel, however our educational system and industrial systems are probably quite the opposite of Dickens’ days’ system. We are encouraged to use our imagination with such school subjects as english, art, music technology and drama.

Free Essays on Nacireman Body Rituals

Nacireman Body Rituals The Nacirema are a North American tribe living in the area between the Canadian Creek and the Tarahumare of Mexico. They live in a rich environment and while much of the people's time is spent on economic activity a large part of the fruits of their labors is spent on ritual activity. The Nacirema’s body rituals have been studied for centuries. Many ideas have been made concerning these rituals and the meanings behind them. Through my " in-the-field† interactions with the Nacirema, I have observed many interesting rituals performed by their people. An observation that I have made is the Nacirema seem to enjoy putting themselves in extreme agony. They do various activities that involve a lot of movement and activity that produces a wet substance to appear on their skin. They sometimes use unusual devices to aid in this activity. They seem to do this to improve themselves in various areas of the body. This ritual is very common, but not as common as the next one seems to be. A strange ritual that I also found was covering large areas of land, staying in a new area for short amounts of time, and then returning home again. They take with them unusual packages, with which they carry various items from their every day lives. There modes of transportation vary however in accordance to their destination. It seemed the longer the distance, they used a birds cousin. In shorter distances they took fast, large mechanical contraptions. Though this ritual is common and seems very popular, this next one is an every day thing. It seems as if this is some sort of protection for the feet. They put these colorful objects on their feet everyday before they go anywhere. They look quite complicated to put on with stringy things going through multiple holes in the object. They seem to be made out of many kinds of materials also, rubber, cloth, ect. The final observation I made has a lot to do with the first ... Free Essays on Nacireman Body Rituals Free Essays on Nacireman Body Rituals Nacireman Body Rituals The Nacirema are a North American tribe living in the area between the Canadian Creek and the Tarahumare of Mexico. They live in a rich environment and while much of the people's time is spent on economic activity a large part of the fruits of their labors is spent on ritual activity. The Nacirema’s body rituals have been studied for centuries. Many ideas have been made concerning these rituals and the meanings behind them. Through my " in-the-field† interactions with the Nacirema, I have observed many interesting rituals performed by their people. An observation that I have made is the Nacirema seem to enjoy putting themselves in extreme agony. They do various activities that involve a lot of movement and activity that produces a wet substance to appear on their skin. They sometimes use unusual devices to aid in this activity. They seem to do this to improve themselves in various areas of the body. This ritual is very common, but not as common as the next one seems to be. A strange ritual that I also found was covering large areas of land, staying in a new area for short amounts of time, and then returning home again. They take with them unusual packages, with which they carry various items from their every day lives. There modes of transportation vary however in accordance to their destination. It seemed the longer the distance, they used a birds cousin. In shorter distances they took fast, large mechanical contraptions. Though this ritual is common and seems very popular, this next one is an every day thing. It seems as if this is some sort of protection for the feet. They put these colorful objects on their feet everyday before they go anywhere. They look quite complicated to put on with stringy things going through multiple holes in the object. They seem to be made out of many kinds of materials also, rubber, cloth, ect. The final observation I made has a lot to do with the first ...

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Report - Essay Example GSK also owns and markets Aquafresh range of toothpastes, which may help smokers quit smoking. GSK’s principal pharmaceutical products include medicines in the therapeutic areas, such as respiratory, central nervous system, anti-virals, anti-bacterials, metabolic, vaccines, cardiovascular and urogenital. GSK has operated its business in 114 countries and sold products over 150 countries. The GSK operates in two segments: Pharmaceuticals and Consumer Healthcare. On June 5, 2008, GSK acquired Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc., a biopharmaceutical company. On October 14, 2008, group also acquired the Egyptian mature products business of Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS). Reuters reported that on Tuesday, 31 Mar 2009, Shire plc has entered into a joint promotional agreement with GlaxoSmithKline plc for VYVANSE (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate) capsules. The aim behind this promotional agreement is to improve recognition and treatment of ADHD in adults. (Reuters, 2009) On Wednesday, 25 Mar 2009 Reuters reported that GSK plans to take a significant stake in Aspen Pharmacare Holdings Limited. The reason behind this stake is to cement its current relationship into a long term bond which really makes a significant impression on the equity of both the companies. (Reuters, 2009) Issues related to the Environment, health and safety are subject to the primary and core issue because the business in which GSK deals is very much sensitive due to its attachment with the humanitarian side of the picture. So GSK’s needs to ensure that their products are neither injurious for health and nor for the environment. Lawsuits filed by patients, can be a result of adverse after-effects of any drug, which may bring a bad name and reputation for the firm, hence they need to ensure that no such window of risk is left open. The directors and senior management should give keen emphasis on practicing the corporate

Japan Airlines Flight 123 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Japan Airlines Flight 123 - Essay Example This essay focuses on better understanding what caused the Japan airlines flight 123 incident, that happend on the way from Tokyo to Osaka and was registered as ja8119. This essay describes the mechanical problem, which occurred within the engines, that caused vibrations in the flight, primary flight controls functions, human error factors and secondary mechanical factors. In this essay, the accident was said to have been caused by loss of primary flight controls functions. This means that the flight control functions were fault bringing in a mechanical problem on the airplane operation. This implies that the engines and the flight control functions were the two major primary source factors contributing to the incidents. Also this essay describes secondary mechanical factors, which developed many complications throughout the investigation. One of the main secondary factors discussed in this essay was the structure of the aft pressures bulkhead, that was designed in a manner that it could not allow pressure to be released and built up effectively in the plane. As a result, more pressure developed in it, the crack connectivity of rivet to rivet also might eventually lead to destruction of the plane. Evidences, presented in this essay also suggest that ineffectively sized wings flaps were installed on the plane before departure. In conclusion, this essay provides the reader greatly researched investigation of what might cause the damage of a plane. Good explanation and clear structure makes this essay easy to read and understand.